geointel/backend/app/services/detection_service.py

from __future__ import annotations

import uuid
import json
import logging
from datetime import UTC, datetime
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from typing import Type

from geoalchemy2.shape import from_shape, to_shape
from pyproj import Transformer
from shapely.geometry import box as shapely_box
from shapely.geometry import mapping, shape
from shapely.ops import transform as shapely_transform
from shapely.strtree import STRtree
from sqlalchemy import func

from app.core.config import Settings, get_settings
from app.core.errors import AppError
from app.core.request_context import get_request_id
from app.models import AnalysisRun, Area, Dataset, Detection, Job, Project, VectorFeature
from app.schemas.detection import DetectionListResponse, DetectionRead, DetectionRunListResponse, DetectionRunRead, DetectionRunResponse
from app.services.detection_georeferencing import pixel_bbox_to_epsg4326_polygon
from app.services.detection_metrics_service import DetectionMetricsService
from app.services.detection_qa_service import DetectionQaService
from app.services.dataset_consumption_gate_service import DatasetConsumptionGate
from app.services.model_asset_catalog_service import ModelAssetCatalogService
from app.services.model_registry_service import ModelRegistryService
from app.services.model_validation_scope_service import ModelValidationScopeService
from app.services.qa_service import QaService
from app.services.storage_service import StorageService
from app.services.quality_service import QualityService
from app.services.runtime_model_provenance_service import RuntimeModelProvenance, RuntimeModelProvenanceService
from app.services.temporal_compatibility_service import TemporalCompatibilityService
from app.services.tile_manifest_service import TileManifestService
from app.services.yolo_adapter import YoloDetectionAdapter


logger = logging.getLogger("geointel.detection")


class DetectionService:
    @staticmethod
    def _now() -> datetime:
        return datetime.now(UTC)

    @staticmethod
    def run_detection(
        db,
        project_id: uuid.UUID,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID,
        model_id: str,
        confidence_threshold: float,
        model_asset_id: str | None = None,
        class_filter: list[str] | None = None,
        tile_manifest_path: str | None = None,
        parameters_json: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        settings: Settings | None = None,
        yolo_adapter_class: Type[YoloDetectionAdapter] = YoloDetectionAdapter,
        existing_job: Job | None = None,
    ) -> DetectionRunResponse:
        parameters = dict(parameters_json or {})
        resolved_settings = settings or get_settings()
        dataset = DetectionService._validate_run_request(db, project_id=project_id, dataset_id=dataset_id)
        TemporalCompatibilityService.ensure_detection_source_supported(dataset)

        selected_model_asset = None
        if model_id == resolved_settings.yolo_model_id and model_asset_id:
            selected_model_asset = ModelAssetCatalogService.resolve_asset(model_asset_id, settings=resolved_settings)
            resolved_settings = ModelAssetCatalogService.settings_for_asset(resolved_settings, selected_model_asset)

        model = ModelRegistryService.get_model_capability(
            model_id,
            settings=resolved_settings,
            yolo_adapter_class=yolo_adapter_class,
        )
        if model is None:
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_MODEL_NOT_FOUND", message="Detection model not found", status_code=404)
        if model.model_id == "manual-fixture-detector" and parameters.get("fixture_mode") is not True:
            raise AppError(
                code="FIXTURE_MODE_REQUIRED",
                message="Fixture detector requires explicit fixture_mode=true",
                status_code=400,
            )
        if model.model_id == resolved_settings.yolo_model_id and not tile_manifest_path:
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_TILE_MANIFEST_REQUIRED",
                message="Configured YOLO inference requires an existing raster tile manifest path",
                status_code=400,
            )
        requested_classes = {DetectionService._canonical_class_name(value) for value in (class_filter or [])}
        unsupported_classes = sorted(requested_classes - set(model.supported_classes))
        if unsupported_classes:
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_CLASS_NOT_VALIDATED", message="The selected model is not validated for one or more requested classes", details={"unsupported_classes": unsupported_classes, "supported_classes": model.supported_classes}, status_code=422)
        if model.model_id == resolved_settings.yolo_model_id and resolved_settings.yolo_enforce_validation_scope:
            DetectionService._validate_model_area_scope(db, dataset, resolved_settings)

        # Never enter a production inference path with a persisted dataset
        # that has failed validation, incomplete provenance, or an active
        # quarantine. Fixture detection is a separate QA/test-only path.
        if model.model_id == "manual-fixture-detector":
            DatasetConsumptionGate.assert_eligible(
                dataset,
                purpose="quality_assessment",
                fixture_mode=True,
            )
        elif model.model_id == resolved_settings.yolo_model_id and model.configured:
            DatasetConsumptionGate.assert_eligible(dataset, purpose="production_inference")

        run_parameters = {
            "model_id": model.model_id,
            "model_asset_id": selected_model_asset.model_asset_id if selected_model_asset else None,
            "model_asset_path": selected_model_asset.model_path if selected_model_asset else None,
            "model_asset_sha256": selected_model_asset.sha256 if selected_model_asset else None,
            "confidence_threshold": confidence_threshold,
            "class_filter": class_filter or [],
            "tile_manifest_path": tile_manifest_path,
            "parameters_json": parameters,
        }
        job = DetectionService._create_job(db, project_id, dataset_id, run_parameters, existing_job=existing_job)
        analysis_run = DetectionService._create_analysis_run(db, project_id, dataset_id, job.id, model, run_parameters)
        logger.info(
            "detection_started request_id=%s project_id=%s dataset_id=%s job_id=%s analysis_run_id=%s model_id=%s",
            get_request_id(),
            project_id,
            dataset_id,
            job.id,
            analysis_run.id,
            model.model_id,
        )

        if not model.configured:
            message = model.limitation_message
            code = "DETECTION_DEPENDENCY_UNAVAILABLE" if model.status == "dependency_unavailable" else "DETECTION_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE"
            DetectionService._mark_failed(db, analysis_run, job, code=code, message=message)
            return DetectionRunResponse(
                analysis_run_id=analysis_run.id,
                job_id=job.id,
                project_id=project_id,
                dataset_id=dataset_id,
                model_id=model.model_id,
                status="failed",
                detection_count=0,
                error_code=code,
                message=message,
            )

        if model.model_id == "manual-fixture-detector":
            try:
                detections = DetectionService._persist_fixture_detections(
                    db=db,
                    project_id=project_id,
                    dataset_id=dataset_id,
                    analysis_run=analysis_run,
                    job=job,
                    model_name=model.model_id,
                    model_version=model.version,
                    raw_detections=parameters.get("fixture_detections"),
                    confidence_threshold=confidence_threshold,
                    class_filter=class_filter or [],
                )
            except Exception as exc:
                # A rejected fixture payload must never leave the run stuck in "running".
                DetectionService._fail_run_after_exception(db, analysis_run, job, exc, fallback_code="DETECTION_INTERNAL_ERROR")
                raise
            DetectionService._mark_success(db, analysis_run, job, detection_count=len(detections))
            return DetectionRunResponse(
                analysis_run_id=analysis_run.id,
                job_id=job.id,
                project_id=project_id,
                dataset_id=dataset_id,
                model_id=model.model_id,
                status="success",
                detection_count=len(detections),
                message="Fixture detections persisted.",
            )

        if model.model_id == resolved_settings.yolo_model_id:
            try:
                detections, postprocess_summary = DetectionService._run_configured_yolo(
                    db=db,
                    project_id=project_id,
                    dataset_id=dataset_id,
                    analysis_run=analysis_run,
                    job=job,
                    model_name=model.model_id,
                    model_version=model.version,
                    tile_manifest_path=tile_manifest_path,
                    confidence_threshold=confidence_threshold,
                    class_filter=class_filter or [],
                    settings=resolved_settings,
                    yolo_adapter_class=yolo_adapter_class,
                )
            except AppError as exc:
                DetectionService._mark_failed(db, analysis_run, job, code=exc.code, message=exc.message)
                return DetectionRunResponse(
                    analysis_run_id=analysis_run.id,
                    job_id=job.id,
                    project_id=project_id,
                    dataset_id=dataset_id,
                    model_id=model.model_id,
                    status="failed",
                    detection_count=0,
                    error_code=exc.code,
                    message=exc.message,
                )
            except Exception as exc:
                # An unexpected inference error must never leave the run stuck in "running".
                DetectionService._fail_run_after_exception(db, analysis_run, job, exc, fallback_code="DETECTION_INTERNAL_ERROR")
                raise
            DetectionService._mark_success(db, analysis_run, job, detection_count=len(detections), extra_result=postprocess_summary)
            return DetectionRunResponse(
                analysis_run_id=analysis_run.id,
                job_id=job.id,
                project_id=project_id,
                dataset_id=dataset_id,
                model_id=model.model_id,
                status="success",
                detection_count=len(detections),
                message="YOLO detections persisted.",
            )

        DetectionService._mark_failed(
            db,
            analysis_run,
            job,
            code="DETECTION_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE",
            message="Detection model is unavailable",
        )
        raise AppError(code="DETECTION_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE", message="Detection model is unavailable", status_code=503)

    @staticmethod
    def _validate_model_area_scope(db, dataset: Dataset, settings: Settings) -> None:
        area = db.get(Area, dataset.area_id) if dataset.area_id else None
        if area is None or area.geometry is None:
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_VALIDATION_SCOPE_UNAVAILABLE",
                message="Configured YOLO inference requires a persisted Dataset area geometry.",
                details={"dataset_id": str(dataset.id)},
                status_code=422,
            )
        try:
            area_geometry = to_shape(area.geometry)
        except Exception as exc:
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_VALIDATION_SCOPE_UNAVAILABLE",
                message="The persisted Dataset area geometry cannot be validated for model inference.",
                details={"dataset_id": str(dataset.id), "error_type": type(exc).__name__},
                status_code=422,
            ) from exc
        ModelValidationScopeService.assert_area_covered(
            area_geometry=area_geometry,
            manifest_path=settings.yolo_validation_scope_manifest_path,
            expected_manifest_sha256=settings.yolo_validation_scope_manifest_sha256,
            model_id=settings.yolo_model_id,
            model_path=settings.yolo_model_path,
        )
    @staticmethod
    def _fail_run_after_exception(db, analysis_run: AnalysisRun, job: Job, exc: Exception, fallback_code: str) -> None:
        try:
            db.rollback()
        except Exception:
            pass
        code = getattr(exc, "code", None) or fallback_code
        message = getattr(exc, "message", None) or "Unexpected internal error during analysis run"
        try:
            DetectionService._mark_failed(db, analysis_run, job, code=str(code), message=str(message))
        except Exception:
            pass

    @staticmethod
    def get_run(db, analysis_run_id: uuid.UUID) -> DetectionRunRead:
        run = db.get(AnalysisRun, analysis_run_id)
        if not run or run.analysis_type != "detection":
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_RUN_NOT_FOUND", message="Detection run not found", status_code=404)
        return DetectionRunRead.model_validate(run)

    @staticmethod
    def list_runs(
        db,
        *,
        project_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        limit: int | None = None,
        offset: int = 0,
    ) -> DetectionRunListResponse:
        query = db.query(AnalysisRun).filter(AnalysisRun.analysis_type == "detection")
        if project_id is not None:
            query = query.filter(AnalysisRun.project_id == project_id)
        if dataset_id is not None:
            query = query.filter(AnalysisRun.dataset_id == dataset_id)
        rows = query.order_by(AnalysisRun.created_at.desc()).all()
        # Runs accumulate with every analysis; the panel draws the recent ones.
        resolved_limit = DetectionService.DEFAULT_RUN_LIST_LIMIT if limit is None else int(limit)
        page, total, truncated = DetectionService.paginate(rows, limit=resolved_limit, offset=offset)
        return DetectionRunListResponse(
            items=[DetectionRunRead.model_validate(row) for row in page],
            total=total,
            limit=resolved_limit,
            offset=max(0, int(offset)),
            truncated=truncated,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def list_detections(
        db,
        analysis_run_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        *,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        class_name: str | None = None,
        min_confidence: float | None = None,
        limit: int | None = None,
        offset: int = 0,
    ) -> DetectionListResponse:
        if analysis_run_id is not None:
            run = db.get(AnalysisRun, analysis_run_id)
            if not run or run.analysis_type != "detection":
                raise AppError(code="DETECTION_RUN_NOT_FOUND", message="Detection run not found", status_code=404)
        rows = DetectionService._query_detection_rows(
            db,
            analysis_run_id=analysis_run_id,
            dataset_id=dataset_id,
            class_name=class_name,
            min_confidence=min_confidence,
        )
        resolved_limit = DetectionService.DEFAULT_RESULT_LIMIT if limit is None else int(limit)
        page, total, truncated = DetectionService.paginate(rows, limit=resolved_limit, offset=offset)
        return DetectionListResponse(
            items=[DetectionRead.model_validate(row) for row in page],
            total=total,
            limit=resolved_limit,
            offset=max(0, int(offset)),
            truncated=truncated,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def get_detection(db, detection_id: uuid.UUID) -> DetectionRead:
        detection = db.get(Detection, detection_id)
        if not detection:
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_NOT_FOUND", message="Detection not found", status_code=404)
        return DetectionRead.model_validate(detection)

    @staticmethod
    def detections_to_geojson(
        db,
        *,
        analysis_run_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        class_name: str | None = None,
        min_confidence: float | None = None,
        limit: int | None = None,
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        rows = DetectionService._query_detection_rows(
            db,
            analysis_run_id=analysis_run_id,
            dataset_id=dataset_id,
            class_name=class_name,
            min_confidence=min_confidence,
        )
        resolved_limit = DetectionService.DEFAULT_RESULT_LIMIT if limit is None else int(limit)
        # Rows arrive ranked by confidence, so a capped overlay draws the
        # strongest detections rather than an arbitrary slice.
        detections, total, truncated = DetectionService.paginate(rows, limit=resolved_limit, offset=0)
        return {
            "type": "FeatureCollection",
            "geointel_result_window": {
                "feature_count": len(detections),
                "total_feature_count": total,
                "limit": resolved_limit,
                "truncated": truncated,
            },
            "features": [
                {
                    "type": "Feature",
                    "id": str(detection.id),
                    "properties": DetectionService._detection_properties(detection),
                    "geometry": mapping(to_shape(detection.geometry)),
                }
                for detection in detections
            ],
        }

    @staticmethod
    def compare_detections_with_reference(
        db,
        analysis_run_id: uuid.UUID,
        reference_dataset_id: uuid.UUID,
        iou_threshold: float = 0.5,
        class_name: str | None = None,
        min_confidence: float | None = None,
        calibration_thresholds: list[float] | None = None,
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        run = db.get(AnalysisRun, analysis_run_id)
        if not run or run.analysis_type != "detection":
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_RUN_NOT_FOUND", message="Detection run not found", status_code=404)
        reference_dataset = db.get(Dataset, reference_dataset_id)
        if not reference_dataset:
            raise AppError(code="DATASET_NOT_FOUND", message="Reference dataset not found", status_code=404)
        if reference_dataset.project_id != run.project_id:
            raise AppError(code="INVALID_DATASET_SCOPE", message="Reference dataset does not belong to detection project", status_code=400)
        if reference_dataset.dataset_type not in {"vector", "geojson"}:
            raise AppError(code="INVALID_DATASET_TYPE", message="Reference dataset must be vector data", status_code=400)
        candidate_dataset = db.get(Dataset, run.dataset_id)
        if not candidate_dataset:
            raise AppError(code="DATASET_NOT_FOUND", message="Detection source dataset not found", status_code=404)
        temporal_compatibility = TemporalCompatibilityService.assess_detection_qa(
            candidate_dataset,
            reference_dataset,
        )

        run_parameters = run.parameters_json if isinstance(run.parameters_json, dict) else {}
        manifest_path = DetectionQaService.tile_manifest_path(run_parameters)
        resolved_settings = get_settings()
        is_configured_yolo = (
            run_parameters.get("model_id") == resolved_settings.yolo_model_id
            or run.model_name == resolved_settings.yolo_model_id
        )
        if is_configured_yolo and not manifest_path:
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_QA_COVERAGE_UNAVAILABLE",
                message="Configured YOLO QA requires persisted tile manifest provenance",
                status_code=422,
            )

        fixture_parameters = run_parameters.get("parameters_json")
        fixture_mode = bool(
            run.model_name == "manual-fixture-detector"
            and isinstance(fixture_parameters, dict)
            and fixture_parameters.get("fixture_mode") is True
        )
        DatasetConsumptionGate.assert_eligible(
            candidate_dataset,
            purpose="quality_assessment",
            fixture_mode=fixture_mode,
        )
        DatasetConsumptionGate.assert_eligible(
            reference_dataset,
            purpose="reference_validation",
            reference_task="building_validation",
        )

        detections = DetectionService._query_detection_rows(
            db,
            analysis_run_id=analysis_run_id,
            dataset_id=run.dataset_id,
            class_name=class_name,
            min_confidence=min_confidence,
        )
        raw_candidate_geometries = [
            (
                {
                    "id": str(row.id),
                    "class_name": row.class_name,
                    # Confidence lets the matcher rank candidates the way
                    # detection benchmarks do instead of by row order.
                    "confidence": row.confidence,
                },
                to_shape(row.geometry),
            )
            for row in detections
        ]
        candidate_geometries = raw_candidate_geometries

        coverage = None
        if manifest_path:
            manifest = DetectionService._load_tile_manifest(manifest_path, resolved_settings.yolo_max_tiles, resolved_settings)
            coverage = DetectionQaService.build_tile_coverage(
                manifest,
                manifest_path=manifest_path,
                expected_dataset_id=run.dataset_id,
            )

        reference_query = db.query(VectorFeature).filter(VectorFeature.dataset_id == reference_dataset_id)
        if coverage is not None and hasattr(reference_query, "count"):
            reference_raw_count = reference_query.count()
            references = reference_query.filter(
                func.ST_Intersects(VectorFeature.geometry, from_shape(coverage.geometry, srid=4326))
            ).all()
        else:
            references = reference_query.all()
            reference_raw_count = len(references)
        if reference_raw_count == 0:
            raise AppError(
                code="REFERENCE_FEATURES_NOT_FOUND",
                message="Reference dataset has no persisted vector features for QA",
                status_code=422,
            )

        raw_reference_geometries = [({"id": str(row.id), "feature_class": row.feature_class}, to_shape(row.geometry)) for row in references]
        reference_geometries = raw_reference_geometries

        coverage_summary: dict[str, Any] = {
            "applied": False,
            "mode": "unbounded_no_manifest",
            "manifest_path": None,
            "tile_count": 0,
            "source_crs_values": [],
            "candidate_raw_count": len(raw_candidate_geometries),
            "candidate_evaluated_count": len(raw_candidate_geometries),
            "candidate_excluded_outside_count": 0,
            "candidate_clipped_boundary_count": 0,
            "reference_raw_count": reference_raw_count,
            "reference_evaluated_count": len(raw_reference_geometries),
            "reference_excluded_outside_count": 0,
            "reference_clipped_boundary_count": 0,
        }
        coverage_warnings: list[str] = []
        if coverage is not None:
            candidate_population = DetectionQaService.filter_population(raw_candidate_geometries, coverage)
            reference_population = DetectionQaService.filter_population(
                raw_reference_geometries,
                coverage,
                raw_count=reference_raw_count,
            )
            candidate_geometries = candidate_population.geometries
            reference_geometries = reference_population.geometries
            if not reference_geometries:
                raise AppError(
                    code="REFERENCE_FEATURES_OUTSIDE_COVERAGE",
                    message="Reference dataset has no polygon features inside persisted inference tile coverage",
                    status_code=422,
                )
            coverage_summary = {
                "applied": True,
                "mode": "persisted_tile_manifest_union",
                "manifest_path": coverage.manifest_path,
                "tile_count": coverage.tile_count,
                "source_crs_values": list(coverage.source_crs_values),
                "candidate_raw_count": candidate_population.raw_count,
                "candidate_evaluated_count": candidate_population.evaluated_count,
                "candidate_excluded_outside_count": candidate_population.excluded_outside_count,
                "candidate_clipped_boundary_count": candidate_population.clipped_boundary_count,
                "reference_raw_count": reference_population.raw_count,
                "reference_evaluated_count": reference_population.evaluated_count,
                "reference_excluded_outside_count": reference_population.excluded_outside_count,
                "reference_clipped_boundary_count": reference_population.clipped_boundary_count,
            }
            coverage_warnings.append(
                "QA populations were clipped to the union of persisted inference tile footprints before matching."
            )
        evidence = QaService._match_io_u_evidence(
            candidate_geometries,
            reference_geometries,
            iou_threshold,
        )
        reference_envelopes = [(feature, geometry.envelope) for feature, geometry in reference_geometries]
        envelope_evidence = QaService._match_io_u_evidence(
            candidate_geometries,
            reference_envelopes,
            iou_threshold,
        )
        candidate_geometry_mode = DetectionQaService.candidate_geometry_mode(candidate_geometries)
        box_to_footprint_diagnostics = DetectionQaService.box_to_footprint_diagnostics(
            evidence,
            envelope_evidence,
            iou_threshold=iou_threshold,
            candidate_geometry_mode=candidate_geometry_mode,
        )
        box_to_footprint_diagnostics["envelope_precision_recall_curve"] = (
            DetectionMetricsService.precision_recall_curve(
                candidate_geometries,
                reference_envelopes,
                iou_threshold=iou_threshold,
            )
        )
        if candidate_geometry_mode == "axis_aligned_boxes":
            coverage_warnings.append(
                "Candidates are axis-aligned detector boxes; strict footprint IoU cannot reach 1 for "
                "rotated or non-rectangular buildings. See box_to_footprint_diagnostics."
            )
        # Threshold-independent view of the same populations, so the run can be
        # compared with another model instead of only with itself.
        precision_recall_curve = DetectionMetricsService.precision_recall_curve(
            candidate_geometries,
            reference_geometries,
            iou_threshold=iou_threshold,
        )
        # Every requested confidence cut, answered from that one matching pass.
        # Re-running inference per threshold spends N GPU passes to reproduce
        # numbers already present here: suppression walks candidates in
        # descending confidence, so the kept set above a cut does not depend on
        # the threshold the run itself used.
        calibration_sweep = DetectionMetricsService.calibration_sweep(
            precision_recall_curve,
            thresholds=list(calibration_thresholds or []),
        )
        mean_iou = None if not evidence.match_iou_values else sum(evidence.match_iou_values) / len(evidence.match_iou_values)
        precision = evidence.matches / (evidence.matches + evidence.false_positives) if evidence.matches + evidence.false_positives > 0 else None
        recall = evidence.matches / (evidence.matches + evidence.false_negatives) if evidence.matches + evidence.false_negatives > 0 else None
        f1_score = None
        if precision is not None and recall is not None:
            f1_score = (2 * precision * recall) / (precision + recall) if precision + recall > 0 else 0.0
        status = "unsupported" if evidence.unsupported else "ok"
        quality_check = QualityService.persist_quality_check(
            db=db,
            project_id=run.project_id,
            analysis_run_id=analysis_run_id,
            candidate_dataset_id=run.dataset_id,
            reference_dataset_id=reference_dataset_id,
            check_type="detections_vs_reference",
            status=status,
            score=f1_score,
            parameters={
                "analysis_run_id": str(analysis_run_id),
                "reference_dataset_id": str(reference_dataset_id),
                "iou_threshold": iou_threshold,
                "class_name": class_name,
                "min_confidence": min_confidence,
                "coverage_policy": coverage_summary["mode"],
                "temporal_compatibility": temporal_compatibility,
            },
            findings={
                "matches": evidence.matches,
                "false_positives": evidence.false_positives,
                "false_negatives": evidence.false_negatives,
                "warnings": coverage_warnings + evidence.warnings,
                "unsupported_geometry": evidence.unsupported,
                "coverage": coverage_summary,
                "temporal_compatibility": temporal_compatibility,
                "box_to_footprint_diagnostics": box_to_footprint_diagnostics,
                "precision_recall_curve": precision_recall_curve,
                "calibration_sweep": calibration_sweep,
                "match_evidence": evidence.match_evidence,
                "false_positive_evidence": evidence.false_positive_evidence,
                "false_negative_evidence": evidence.false_negative_evidence,
            },
            metrics={
                "precision": precision,
                "recall": recall,
                "f1": f1_score,
                "mean_iou": mean_iou,
                "false_positive_count": evidence.false_positives,
                "false_negative_count": evidence.false_negatives,
                "average_precision": precision_recall_curve["average_precision"],
                "best_f1": precision_recall_curve["best_f1"],
                "best_f1_threshold": precision_recall_curve["best_f1_threshold"],
            },
        )
        logger.info(
            "detection_qa_completed request_id=%s job_id=%s analysis_run_id=%s quality_check_id=%s "
            "candidate_dataset_id=%s reference_dataset_id=%s status=%s",
            get_request_id(),
            run.job_id,
            analysis_run_id,
            quality_check.id,
            run.dataset_id,
            reference_dataset_id,
            status,
        )
        return {
            "status": status,
            "quality_check_id": str(quality_check.id),
            "analysis_run_id": str(analysis_run_id),
            "reference_dataset_id": str(reference_dataset_id),
            "candidate_feature_count": len(candidate_geometries),
            "reference_feature_count": len(reference_geometries),
            "candidate_feature_count_raw": len(raw_candidate_geometries),
            "reference_feature_count_raw": reference_raw_count,
            "matches": evidence.matches,
            "false_positives": evidence.false_positives,
            "false_negatives": evidence.false_negatives,
            "precision": precision,
            "recall": recall,
            "f1_score": f1_score,
            "mean_iou": mean_iou,
            "iou_threshold": iou_threshold,
            "warnings": coverage_warnings + evidence.warnings,
            "coverage": coverage_summary,
            "temporal_compatibility": temporal_compatibility,
            "box_to_footprint_diagnostics": box_to_footprint_diagnostics,
            "precision_recall_curve": precision_recall_curve,
            "calibration_sweep": calibration_sweep,
            "match_evidence": evidence.match_evidence,
            "false_positive_evidence": evidence.false_positive_evidence,
            "false_negative_evidence": evidence.false_negative_evidence,
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _create_job(
        db,
        project_id: uuid.UUID,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID,
        parameters: dict[str, Any],
        existing_job: Job | None = None,
    ) -> Job:
        if existing_job is not None:
            # A queued job already represents this run; reuse it so the client
            # keeps polling one identifier from request to result.
            existing_job.status = "running"
            existing_job.dataset_id = dataset_id
            existing_job.input_dataset_id = dataset_id
            existing_job.parameters_json = {**(existing_job.parameters_json or {}), **parameters}
            existing_job.started_at = DetectionService._now()
            db.add(existing_job)
            db.commit()
            db.refresh(existing_job)
            return existing_job
        job = Job(
            id=uuid.uuid4(),
            job_type="detection.run",
            status="running",
            project_id=project_id,
            dataset_id=dataset_id,
            input_dataset_id=dataset_id,
            parameters_json=parameters,
            started_at=DetectionService._now(),
        )
        db.add(job)
        db.commit()
        db.refresh(job)
        return job

    @staticmethod
    def enqueue_detection(
        db,
        project_id: uuid.UUID,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID,
        model_id: str,
        confidence_threshold: float,
        model_asset_id: str | None = None,
        class_filter: list[str] | None = None,
        tile_manifest_path: str | None = None,
        parameters_json: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
    ) -> Job:
        """Accept a detection run for background execution.

        Everything cheap enough to answer inside the request is checked here,
        so an operator learns about a missing dataset or an unvalidated class
        immediately rather than from a job that fails minutes later.
        """

        DetectionService._validate_run_request(
            db,
            project_id=project_id,
            dataset_id=dataset_id,
        )
        job = Job(
            id=uuid.uuid4(),
            job_type="detection.run",
            status="queued",
            project_id=project_id,
            dataset_id=dataset_id,
            input_dataset_id=dataset_id,
            parameters_json={
                "project_id": str(project_id),
                "dataset_id": str(dataset_id),
                "model_id": model_id,
                "model_asset_id": model_asset_id,
                "confidence_threshold": confidence_threshold,
                "class_filter": class_filter or [],
                "tile_manifest_path": tile_manifest_path,
                "parameters_json": dict(parameters_json or {}),
            },
        )
        db.add(job)
        db.commit()
        db.refresh(job)
        logger.info(
            "detection_queued request_id=%s project_id=%s dataset_id=%s job_id=%s model_id=%s",
            get_request_id(),
            project_id,
            dataset_id,
            job.id,
            model_id,
        )
        return job

    @staticmethod
    def _validate_run_request(db, *, project_id: uuid.UUID, dataset_id: uuid.UUID) -> Dataset:
        project = db.get(Project, project_id)
        if not project:
            raise AppError(code="PROJECT_NOT_FOUND", message="Project not found", status_code=404)
        dataset = db.get(Dataset, dataset_id)
        if not dataset or dataset.project_id != project_id:
            raise AppError(code="DATASET_NOT_FOUND", message="Dataset not found", status_code=404)
        if dataset.dataset_type != "raster":
            raise AppError(
                code="INVALID_DATASET_TYPE",
                message="Detection requires a raster dataset",
                details={"dataset_type": dataset.dataset_type},
                status_code=400,
            )
        return dataset

    # A regional run holds tens of thousands of detections; the results table
    # and the map overlay both read them after every run.
    DEFAULT_RESULT_LIMIT = 2_000
    DEFAULT_RUN_LIST_LIMIT = 200

    @staticmethod
    def paginate(rows: list[Any], *, limit: int, offset: int) -> tuple[list[Any], int, bool]:
        """Slice a result population, keeping the total intact.

        ``limit <= 0`` means "everything", for callers that genuinely need the
        whole population and know what they are asking for.
        """

        total = len(rows)
        start = max(0, int(offset))
        if limit <= 0:
            return rows[start:], total, False
        page = rows[start : start + int(limit)]
        # Truncated means: this page is not the whole population.
        return page, total, len(page) < total

    @staticmethod
    def _query_detection_rows(
        db,
        *,
        analysis_run_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID | None = None,
        class_name: str | None = None,
        min_confidence: float | None = None,
    ) -> list[Detection]:
        query = db.query(Detection)
        if analysis_run_id is not None:
            query = query.filter(Detection.analysis_run_id == analysis_run_id)
        if dataset_id is not None:
            query = query.filter(Detection.dataset_id == dataset_id)
        if class_name:
            query = query.filter(Detection.class_name == class_name)
        if min_confidence is not None:
            query = query.filter(Detection.confidence >= min_confidence)
        # ``created_at`` defaults to the transaction timestamp, so every
        # detection in a run shares one value and ordering by it alone leaves
        # the row order undefined. Confidence first, id as a stable tiebreak.
        return query.order_by(
            Detection.confidence.desc(),
            Detection.created_at.desc(),
            Detection.id.asc(),
        ).all()

    @staticmethod
    def _detection_properties(detection: Detection) -> dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            "detection_id": str(detection.id),
            "class_name": detection.class_name,
            "confidence": detection.confidence,
            "model_name": detection.model_name,
            "model_version": detection.model_version,
            "analysis_run_id": str(detection.analysis_run_id) if detection.analysis_run_id else None,
            "dataset_id": str(detection.dataset_id) if detection.dataset_id else None,
            "job_id": str(detection.job_id) if detection.job_id else None,
            "source_tile_path": detection.source_tile_path,
            "bbox_json": detection.bbox_json,
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _create_analysis_run(db, project_id, dataset_id, job_id, model, parameters: dict[str, Any]) -> AnalysisRun:
        analysis_run = AnalysisRun(
            id=uuid.uuid4(),
            project_id=project_id,
            dataset_id=dataset_id,
            job_id=job_id,
            analysis_type="detection",
            status="running",
            model_name=model.model_id,
            model_version=model.version,
            parameters_json=parameters,
            started_at=DetectionService._now(),
        )
        db.add(analysis_run)
        db.commit()
        db.refresh(analysis_run)
        return analysis_run

    @staticmethod
    def _mark_failed(db, analysis_run: AnalysisRun, job: Job, code: str, message: str) -> None:
        result = {"error_code": code, "message": message, "detection_count": 0}
        analysis_run.status = "failed"
        analysis_run.finished_at = DetectionService._now()
        analysis_run.error_message = message
        analysis_run.result_json = result
        job.status = "failed"
        job.finished_at = analysis_run.finished_at
        job.error_message = message
        job.result_json = result
        db.add(analysis_run)
        db.add(job)
        db.commit()
        db.refresh(analysis_run)
        db.refresh(job)

    @staticmethod
    def _mark_success(db, analysis_run: AnalysisRun, job: Job, detection_count: int, extra_result: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
        result = {"detection_count": detection_count}
        if extra_result:
            result.update(extra_result)
        analysis_run.status = "success"
        analysis_run.finished_at = DetectionService._now()
        analysis_run.result_json = result
        job.status = "success"
        job.finished_at = analysis_run.finished_at
        job.result_json = result
        db.add(analysis_run)
        db.add(job)
        db.commit()
        db.refresh(analysis_run)
        db.refresh(job)

    @staticmethod
    def _persist_fixture_detections(
        db,
        project_id: uuid.UUID,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID,
        analysis_run: AnalysisRun,
        job: Job,
        model_name: str,
        model_version: str | None,
        raw_detections: Any,
        confidence_threshold: float,
        class_filter: list[str],
    ) -> list[Detection]:
        if not isinstance(raw_detections, list):
            raise AppError(code="INVALID_FIXTURE_DETECTIONS", message="fixture_detections must be a list", status_code=400)
        persisted: list[Detection] = []
        allowed_classes = set(class_filter)
        for raw in raw_detections:
            if not isinstance(raw, dict):
                raise AppError(code="INVALID_FIXTURE_DETECTION", message="Each fixture detection must be an object", status_code=400)
            class_name = str(raw.get("class_name") or "")
            confidence = float(raw.get("confidence", 0.0))
            if allowed_classes and class_name not in allowed_classes:
                continue
            if confidence < confidence_threshold:
                continue
            geometry_payload = raw.get("geometry")
            if not isinstance(geometry_payload, dict):
                raise AppError(code="INVALID_FIXTURE_DETECTION", message="Fixture detection geometry is required", status_code=400)
            geometry = shape(geometry_payload)
            if geometry.is_empty or not geometry.is_valid:
                raise AppError(code="INVALID_FIXTURE_GEOMETRY", message="Fixture detection geometry must be valid", status_code=400)
            detection = Detection(
                id=uuid.uuid4(),
                project_id=project_id,
                dataset_id=dataset_id,
                analysis_run_id=analysis_run.id,
                job_id=job.id,
                model_name=model_name,
                model_version=model_version,
                class_name=class_name,
                confidence=confidence,
                geometry=from_shape(geometry, srid=4326),
                bbox_json=raw.get("bbox_json"),
                source_tile_path=raw.get("source_tile_path"),
                properties_json=raw.get("properties_json"),
            )
            db.add(detection)
            persisted.append(detection)
        db.commit()
        for detection in persisted:
            db.refresh(detection)
        return persisted

    @staticmethod
    def _run_configured_yolo(
        db,
        project_id: uuid.UUID,
        dataset_id: uuid.UUID,
        analysis_run: AnalysisRun,
        job: Job,
        model_name: str,
        model_version: str | None,
        tile_manifest_path: str | None,
        confidence_threshold: float,
        class_filter: list[str],
        settings: Settings,
        yolo_adapter_class: Type[YoloDetectionAdapter],
    ) -> tuple[list[Detection], dict[str, Any]]:
        manifest = DetectionService._load_tile_manifest(tile_manifest_path, settings.yolo_max_tiles, settings)
        dataset = db.get(Dataset, dataset_id)
        if dataset is None:
            raise AppError(code="DATASET_NOT_FOUND", message="Dataset not found", status_code=404)
        manifest_binding = TileManifestService.validate_for_inference(
            db,
            dataset,
            manifest,
            manifest_path=tile_manifest_path or "",
            settings=settings,
            error_prefix="DETECTION",
        )
        DetectionService._attach_tile_manifest_binding(analysis_run, job, manifest_binding)
        model_path = Path(settings.yolo_model_path or "").expanduser()
        runtime_model_provenance = RuntimeModelProvenanceService.validate_for_production_runtime(
            db=db,
            model_path=model_path,
            model_id=model_name,
            task_type="object_detection",
            expected_model_version=model_version,
            allowed_frameworks=("ultralytics/pytorch", "ultralytics", "pytorch"),
        )
        DetectionService._attach_runtime_model_provenance(
            analysis_run,
            job,
            runtime_model_provenance,
        )
        adapter = yolo_adapter_class(settings)
        model = adapter.load_model(model_path)
        allowed_classes = {DetectionService._canonical_class_name(value) for value in class_filter if DetectionService._canonical_class_name(value)}
        candidates: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
        manifest_crs = DetectionService._require_manifest_crs(manifest)
        raster_bounds = DetectionService._bounds_to_epsg4326(manifest.get("bounds"), manifest_crs)
        tiles = list(manifest["tiles"])
        tile_paths = [
            DetectionService._resolve_tile_path(tile, Path(tile_manifest_path or "").expanduser(), settings) for tile in tiles
        ]
        # Batched so the GPU is not idle between tiles; each tile keeps its own
        # transform for georeferencing, so results stay per tile and in order.
        detections_per_tile = adapter.predict_tiles(model, tile_paths, confidence_threshold)
        for tile, tile_path, raw_detections in zip(tiles, tile_paths, detections_per_tile):
            tile_crs = tile.get("crs") or manifest_crs
            tile_bounds_4326 = DetectionService._bounds_to_epsg4326(tile.get("bounds"), tile_crs)
            tile_edge_tolerance = DetectionService._tile_edge_tolerance(tile, tile_bounds_4326)
            for raw in raw_detections:
                model_class_name = str(raw.get("class_name") or "").strip()
                class_name = DetectionService._canonical_class_name(model_class_name)
                confidence = float(raw.get("confidence", 0.0))
                if allowed_classes and class_name not in allowed_classes:
                    continue
                if confidence < confidence_threshold:
                    continue
                bbox = raw.get("bbox")
                if not isinstance(bbox, list):
                    raise AppError(code="DETECTION_INVALID_BBOX", message="YOLO adapter returned a detection without bbox", status_code=422)
                geometry = pixel_bbox_to_epsg4326_polygon(bbox=bbox, tile=tile, crs=tile_crs)
                properties = dict(raw.get("properties") or {})
                if model_class_name and model_class_name != class_name:
                    properties.setdefault("model_class_name", model_class_name)
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "class_name": class_name,
                        "confidence": confidence,
                        "geometry": geometry,
                        "bbox": bbox,
                        "source_tile_path": str(tile_path),
                        "properties": {**properties, "tile_index": tile.get("index")},
                        "tile_bounds": tile_bounds_4326,
                        "tile_edge_tolerance": tile_edge_tolerance,
                    }
                )
        edge_filtered_candidates = candidates
        if settings.yolo_suppress_tile_edge_detections:
            edge_filtered_candidates = DetectionService._drop_tile_edge_truncations(
                candidates,
                raster_bounds=raster_bounds,
                tolerance=0.0,
            )
        filtered_candidates = DetectionService._suppress_duplicate_candidates(
            edge_filtered_candidates,
            iou_threshold=float(settings.yolo_duplicate_iou_threshold),
            containment_threshold=float(settings.yolo_containment_nms_threshold),
        )
        persisted: list[Detection] = []
        for candidate in filtered_candidates:
            bbox = candidate["bbox"]
            detection = Detection(
                id=uuid.uuid4(),
                project_id=project_id,
                dataset_id=dataset_id,
                analysis_run_id=analysis_run.id,
                job_id=job.id,
                model_name=model_name,
                model_version=model_version,
                class_name=candidate["class_name"],
                confidence=candidate["confidence"],
                geometry=from_shape(candidate["geometry"], srid=4326),
                bbox_json={
                    "x_min": float(bbox[0]),
                    "y_min": float(bbox[1]),
                    "x_max": float(bbox[2]),
                    "y_max": float(bbox[3]),
                },
                source_tile_path=candidate["source_tile_path"],
                properties_json={
                    **candidate["properties"],
                    "runtime_model_provenance": runtime_model_provenance.as_dict(),
                },
            )
            db.add(detection)
            persisted.append(detection)
        db.commit()
        for detection in persisted:
            db.refresh(detection)
        return persisted, {
            "raw_detection_count": len(candidates),
            "suppressed_detection_count": len(candidates) - len(filtered_candidates),
            "tile_edge_truncated_count": len(candidates) - len(edge_filtered_candidates),
            "duplicate_iou_threshold": float(settings.yolo_duplicate_iou_threshold),
            "containment_suppression_threshold": float(settings.yolo_containment_nms_threshold),
            "tile_manifest_binding": manifest_binding,
            "runtime_model_provenance": runtime_model_provenance.as_dict(),
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _attach_tile_manifest_binding(
        analysis_run: AnalysisRun,
        job: Job,
        binding: dict[str, Any],
    ) -> None:
        analysis_parameters = dict(analysis_run.parameters_json or {})
        analysis_parameters["tile_manifest_binding"] = dict(binding)
        analysis_run.parameters_json = analysis_parameters
        job_parameters = dict(job.parameters_json or {})
        job_parameters["tile_manifest_binding"] = dict(binding)
        job.parameters_json = job_parameters

    @staticmethod
    def _attach_runtime_model_provenance(
        analysis_run: AnalysisRun,
        job: Job,
        provenance: RuntimeModelProvenance,
    ) -> None:
        """Persist byte-bound model evidence with the run before adapter loading.

        Individual detections retain the same evidence in ``properties_json``;
        this run-level copy is the compact audit root for a complete inference.
        Assigning fresh dictionaries matters for SQLAlchemy JSON change tracking.
        """

        evidence = provenance.as_dict()
        analysis_parameters = dict(analysis_run.parameters_json or {})
        analysis_parameters["runtime_model_provenance"] = evidence
        analysis_run.parameters_json = analysis_parameters
        job_parameters = dict(job.parameters_json or {})
        job_parameters["runtime_model_provenance"] = evidence
        job.parameters_json = job_parameters

    @staticmethod
    def _canonical_class_name(value: Any) -> str:
        return str(value or "").strip().casefold()

    # An object wider than the tile overlap is truncated by both tiles, so the
    # two halves barely intersect and IoU alone never suppresses them. Overlap
    # measured against the smaller box catches that case; the threshold is
    # deliberately strict so that terraced houses stay separate detections.
    # Fallback only. The served value is configuration, so a promoted model can
    # be run at the threshold its evaluation froze.
    CONTAINMENT_SUPPRESSION_THRESHOLD = 0.85

    @staticmethod
    def _suppress_duplicate_candidates(
        candidates: list[dict[str, Any]],
        iou_threshold: float,
        containment_threshold: float | None = None,
    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
        if iou_threshold <= 0 or len(candidates) < 2:
            return candidates
        if containment_threshold is None:
            containment_threshold = DetectionService.CONTAINMENT_SUPPRESSION_THRESHOLD

        ordered = sorted(
            candidates,
            key=lambda item: (-float(item["confidence"]), str(item.get("source_tile_path") or "")),
        )
        kept: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
        kept_geometries: list[Any] = []
        tree = None

        for candidate in ordered:
            geometry = candidate["geometry"]
            duplicate = False
            # Only geometries that actually touch this candidate can suppress
            # it, so an index keeps a dense AOI from turning into an O(n^2) scan.
            neighbour_indexes = range(len(kept)) if tree is None else (int(index) for index in tree.query(geometry))
            for index in neighbour_indexes:
                kept_candidate = kept[index]
                if candidate["class_name"] != kept_candidate["class_name"]:
                    continue
                other = kept_geometries[index]
                if DetectionService._geometry_iou(geometry, other) >= iou_threshold:
                    duplicate = True
                    break
                if DetectionService._geometry_containment(geometry, other) >= containment_threshold:
                    duplicate = True
                    break
            if not duplicate:
                kept.append(candidate)
                kept_geometries.append(geometry)
                tree = STRtree(kept_geometries)
        return kept

    @staticmethod
    def _drop_tile_edge_truncations(
        candidates: list[dict[str, Any]],
        *,
        raster_bounds: tuple[float, float, float, float] | None,
        tolerance: float,
    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
        """Discard boxes cut off by an interior tile edge.

        Such a box describes only the part of the object that fell inside its
        tile. Because tiles overlap, the neighbouring tile saw the object whole
        and contributed the box worth keeping. A box against the outer raster
        edge has no such neighbour and is kept.
        """

        if raster_bounds is None or tolerance <= 0:
            return candidates

        raster_left, raster_bottom, raster_right, raster_top = raster_bounds
        kept: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
        for candidate in candidates:
            tile_bounds = candidate.get("tile_bounds")
            if not tile_bounds or len(tuple(tile_bounds)) != 4:
                kept.append(candidate)
                continue
            tile_left, tile_bottom, tile_right, tile_top = (float(value) for value in tile_bounds)
            left, bottom, right, top = candidate["geometry"].bounds
            # A pixel-sized tolerance per tile: a fixed degree value would be
            # wrong for both a 10 cm orthophoto and a coarse thematic raster.
            tolerance = float(candidate.get("tile_edge_tolerance") or 0.0) or tolerance

            touches_interior_edge = (
                (abs(left - tile_left) <= tolerance and abs(tile_left - raster_left) > tolerance)
                or (abs(right - tile_right) <= tolerance and abs(tile_right - raster_right) > tolerance)
                or (abs(bottom - tile_bottom) <= tolerance and abs(tile_bottom - raster_bottom) > tolerance)
                or (abs(top - tile_top) <= tolerance and abs(tile_top - raster_top) > tolerance)
            )
            if not touches_interior_edge:
                kept.append(candidate)
        return kept

    @staticmethod
    def _geometry_iou(left, right) -> float:
        if left.is_empty or right.is_empty:
            return 0.0
        intersection_area = left.intersection(right).area
        if intersection_area <= 0:
            return 0.0
        union_area = left.union(right).area
        if union_area <= 0:
            return 0.0
        return intersection_area / union_area

    @staticmethod
    def _geometry_containment(left, right) -> float:
        """Intersection over the smaller of the two areas."""

        if left.is_empty or right.is_empty:
            return 0.0
        smaller_area = min(left.area, right.area)
        if smaller_area <= 0:
            return 0.0
        intersection_area = left.intersection(right).area
        if intersection_area <= 0:
            return 0.0
        return intersection_area / smaller_area

    @staticmethod
    def _require_manifest_crs(manifest: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
        """Refuse to georeference inference output against a guessed CRS.

        Detection QA already rejects a tile without explicit CRS metadata.
        Silently assuming EPSG:4326 on the inference side produced geometry
        that looks plausible on a map but sits in the wrong place.
        """

        raw_crs = manifest.get("crs") or manifest.get("source_crs") or manifest.get("dataset_crs")
        if not isinstance(raw_crs, str) or not raw_crs.strip():
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_TILE_MANIFEST_INVALID",
                message="Raster tile manifest requires explicit CRS metadata for georeferencing",
                status_code=422,
            )
        return raw_crs.strip()

    @staticmethod
    def _bounds_to_epsg4326(bounds: Any, crs: str | None) -> tuple[float, float, float, float] | None:
        if not isinstance(bounds, (list, tuple)) or len(bounds) != 4:
            return None
        try:
            left, bottom, right, top = (float(value) for value in bounds)
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            return None
        if left >= right or bottom >= top:
            return None
        if not crs or str(crs).strip().upper() in {"EPSG:4326", "4326"}:
            return (left, bottom, right, top)
        try:
            transformer = Transformer.from_crs(crs, "EPSG:4326", always_xy=True)
            # Transform the whole rectangle, not just two corners: a projected
            # box does not stay axis-aligned after reprojection.
            projected = shapely_transform(transformer.transform, shapely_box(left, bottom, right, top))
            return projected.bounds
        except Exception:
            return None

    @staticmethod
    def _tile_edge_tolerance(tile: dict[str, Any], tile_bounds_4326: tuple[float, float, float, float] | None) -> float:
        """One and a half pixels, expressed in the degrees the boxes live in."""

        if tile_bounds_4326 is None:
            return 0.0
        pixel_window = tile.get("pixel_window")
        if not (isinstance(pixel_window, (list, tuple)) and len(pixel_window) == 4):
            return 0.0
        try:
            width = float(pixel_window[2])
            height = float(pixel_window[3])
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            return 0.0
        if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
            return 0.0
        left, bottom, right, top = tile_bounds_4326
        return 1.5 * max((right - left) / width, (top - bottom) / height)

    @staticmethod
    def _load_tile_manifest(tile_manifest_path: str | None, max_tiles: int, settings: Settings | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
        if not tile_manifest_path:
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_TILE_MANIFEST_REQUIRED",
                message="Configured YOLO inference requires an existing raster tile manifest path",
                status_code=400,
            )
        # The path arrives in the request, so it must name a governed artifact
        # rather than an arbitrary file on the host.
        manifest_path = StorageService.assert_within_storage_root(
            tile_manifest_path, label="tile manifest", settings=settings
        )
        if not manifest_path.exists() or not manifest_path.is_file():
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_TILE_MANIFEST_NOT_FOUND",
                message="Raster tile manifest path does not exist",
                details={"tile_manifest_path": str(manifest_path)},
                status_code=422,
            )
        try:
            manifest = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
        except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_TILE_MANIFEST_INVALID", message="Raster tile manifest must be valid JSON", status_code=422) from exc
        tiles = manifest.get("tiles")
        if not isinstance(tiles, list) or not tiles:
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_TILE_MANIFEST_INVALID", message="Raster tile manifest must contain tiles", status_code=422)
        if len(tiles) > max_tiles:
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_TILE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED",
                message="Raster tile manifest exceeds configured YOLO tile limit",
                details={"tile_count": len(tiles), "max_tiles": max_tiles},
                status_code=422,
            )
        return manifest

    @staticmethod
    def _resolve_tile_path(tile: dict[str, Any], manifest_path: Path, settings: Settings | None = None) -> Path:
        raw_path = tile.get("path")
        if not isinstance(raw_path, str) or not raw_path:
            raise AppError(code="DETECTION_TILE_MANIFEST_INVALID", message="Tile manifest entries require a path", status_code=422)
        tile_path = Path(raw_path).expanduser()
        if not tile_path.is_absolute():
            tile_path = manifest_path.parent / tile_path
        # A manifest entry may name an absolute path; it is still only allowed
        # to point at a tile the runtime itself produced.
        tile_path = StorageService.assert_within_storage_root(tile_path, label="raster tile", settings=settings)
        if not tile_path.exists() or not tile_path.is_file():
            raise AppError(
                code="DETECTION_TILE_NOT_FOUND",
                message="Tile referenced by manifest does not exist",
                details={"tile_path": str(tile_path)},
                status_code=422,
            )
        return tile_path